Art Students League (New York, NY)

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Art Students League was founded in 1875 in reaction to the National Academy of Design’s plan to remove life drawing from the curriculum. It grew rapidly in its first year, helmed by Lemuel E. Wilmarth as its first president. The League was funded purely by membership fees, allowing the institution a degree of independence.

Ted Muehling (b. 1953)

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Ted Muehling graduated with a degree in industrial design from Pratt Institute, where he was mentored by Gerald Gulotta (who had been a finalist in the international competition for flatware and whose submission was exhibited in the associated Designed for Silver exhibition in 1960). Muehling, neverthless, found his métier in jewelry design, although he did acknowledge Gulotta's influence on his work.

Necklace with pendant of Ganesha

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Ganesha is the elephant-headed deity, son of Shiva and Parvati, who is evoked by Hindus upon waking every morning, for he is the overcomer of all obstacles and the god of success and good luck. Many houses have an image of Ganesha at their entrances to ensure the well-being of the dwellings and their inhabitants.

Temple Jewelry in India

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Temples held vast wealth in gold and gems, much of it in the form of jewelry given to deities over the centuries by devotees. Adornment is part of the act of worship, performed along with feeding, bathing, and entertaining a deity. Priests clothe, crown, and adorn icons according to the time of day and season, and jewelry is an expression of the greatness of a deity. It is believed that an icon’s power increases when it is more splendidly dressed.

Kundun

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Kundun is a technique of gem setting developed at the Mughal court (1526-1858) in India.

Standing Buddha

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Following the fall of the Mon-Dvaravati kingdom in the 11th century, Khmer rule extended into Thailand and remained dominant into the 13th century. The central Thai city of Lopburi, which gives its name to the period style of this large-scale Buddha, was both the political and artistic center of the region.

Buddhism

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Buddhism emerged in India in the 6th and 5th centuries B.C.E.

Mara

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The earth-touching (bhumisparsha) mudra recalls the Maravijaya or the historical Buddha Shakyamuni’s victory over the demon Mara. In the story of Buddha subduing Mara, the demon of desire and death, Mara taunts the Buddha as he meditates under the Bodhi tree. Mara, representing ignorance and unable to understand enlightenment, sneers at the Buddha and questions his enlightenment.

Buddhism in Southeast Asia

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The beliefs and ways of life in South Asia significantly influenced the states and kingdoms of Southeast Asia, which adopted many Indian customs and adapted Indian styles of sculpture and architecture, as well as literature, dance, religious rituals, and court ceremonies to their native beliefs.