An ambrotype is a collodion negative on a clear glass plate with a backing of dark paper, velvet, or varnish. This dark backing reverses the negative's tones and makes it appear positive. Each is unique and cannot be reproduced. Ambrotypes were generally matted and presented in decorative cases.

Daguerreotypes are detailed and lustrous photographs on mirror-polished, silver-coated copper plates. The process produced a negative image in mercury deposits directly on the plate's silver surface. Sealing daguerreotypes under glass was necessary to preserve the delicate image and prevent the metal plate form tarnishing.

Albumen is a binding agent made from egg whites, popular for producing photographs from 1855–1895. When applied to paper, albumen acts as a ground for the application of photosensitive silver nitrates.

The following essay outlines how the Dallas Museum of Art collection came to include three major cubist pieces, Georges Braque's Still Life with Bottles and Glasses (1912), Pablo Picasso's Bottle of Port and Glass (1919), and Juan Gris' Guitar and Pipe (c.

Born in Berlin in 1847, Liebermann was the son of a successful businessman whose wealth was such that the future painter never had to work for a living. Yet, like his exact contemproary, the equally wealthy impressionist painter Gustave Caillebotte, Liebermann did not let his comfortable income prevent him from working hard throughout his life. In fact he made a good deal of money in his own right as a successful artist.

On the western edge of South America, the central Andes cultural area encompasses the modern country of Peru and adjacent areas of Bolivia. From west to east, the central Andes includes the river-crossed coast that borders the Pacific Ocean, the Andean highlands, and the tropical forest that extends eastward towards the Amazon basin. Each of these distinctive environments contributed to the cultures of the region as whole, and there was considerable interaction among them from an early date.

Ilya Bolotowsky was born in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) Russia in 1907. His family emigrated to Turkey in 1920 where they lived until 1923 when they left to settle in New York.