Time & Place

Sokoto

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Sokoto is the name of both a state and its capital, as well as the designation for terracotta sculptures that have been found in the region since the late 20th century. Characterized by a heavy brow, delicate features, and lack of ornate accessories, the Sokoto terracottas seem severe in comparison with those discovered at Nok, a village located near the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers.

Ethiopia

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
As early as the 1st century CE, the East African country of Ethiopia was part of a prosperous trade network from the Horn of Africa (modern Ethiopia, Djibuti, and Somalia) to Egypt, South Arabia, Persia, India, and Ceylon. There arose the kingdom of Axum—consisting of Sabean and indigenous African Cushite cultures—in the regions of present-day Tigray and Eritrea. It thrived from the 4th to 7th century CE.

Lower Niger

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The term Lower Niger is a geographic designation assigned to works of art that have been attributed to ancient Nigeria, but are stylistically divergent from works that have been confirmed as having an ancient Nigerian origin.

Excerpt from
Roslyn A.

Hudson River School

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Hudson River School was an landscape that dominated American art in the mid-19th century. Not an institution of artistic training, the Hudson River School was a group of like-minded landscape painters in New York City and New England. Though their styles varied, the Hudson River School painters all sought to capture the grandeur of nature in America.

Art Nouveau

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Developed and popularized in Europe between 1880 and World War I, the Art Nouveau style was characterized by undulating lines and swirling ornament. In its appreciation of pattern and complicated forms, the style was a continuation of earlier 19th-century traditions.

Island Southeast Asia

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The culture area called Island Southeast Asia occupies the western Pacific Ocean, south and east of the Asian mainland.  The islands of Indonesia form the heartland of this area, but culture is often continuous across modern political boundaries, as it is on the island of Borneo, which Indonesia's Kalimantan provinces share with Malaysia's Sarawak and Sabah and the sultanate of Brunei.

Mesoamerica

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The terms Mesoamerica and ancient American refer primarily to the ancient cultures that flourished in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans.
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