Cultures & Traditions

Wooden Sculpture of the Ono Niha

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ancestor and protective figures made of wood, which can readily be distinguished from the sculptures of many other Indonesian ethnicities, are of special importance in the art of Nias. There are numerous stylistic differences in the woodcarvings of North, Central, and South Nias, but also just as many features that can be described as typical of the island as a whole.

Themes in Traditional Indonesian Arts

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
In most of the more than three hundred ethnic groups in Indonesia, one encounters the tradition that when claim­ing the new land, the mythical founder first had to deal with its autochthonous inhabitants—some of them human, some of them the spirits that had always been there, associated with the natural world and predating the arrival of humankind.

Ancestors in Traditional Indonesian Cultures

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
In all traditional Indonesian cultures, ancestors were the preeminent spiritual authorities. They included the earliest settlers, and people memorized genealogies that led from primeval, mythical times to their immediate forebears. Since memories are limited and writing was generally unknown, intervening generations were often compressed into just a few names. 

Batak Art and the West

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The arts and crafts of the Batak became extremely popular as souvenirs among European travelers, colonial officials, mission­aries, plantation employees, collectors, and tourists beginning in the mid-19th century.

Adat

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Adat, a word derived from Arabic, governs Indonesian daily life. Sometimes translated as "customary rule," adat is all-pervasive, covering not only ritual but traditional kinship systems, politics, ethical codes, and ultimately the conceptualization of the universe.