1999.107, Battle sarcophagus, Roman, c. 190 C.E., marble


GENERAL DESCRIPTION  
The complex composition of this battle scene—with warriors, horses, captives, and trophies of armor intertwined to suggest the violence and bloodshed of war—is typical of Roman relief carvings during the Antonine period (138–192 CE). The sarcophagus was probably made to celebrate the victories of a Roman general in the series of wars that Rome fought with Germanic tribesmen along the Danube frontier, in what are now Hungary and Romania; however, the prototype for the scene might have been a monument created by the Greek King Attalos I of Pergamon in Asia Minor during the 3rd century BCE, which was erected to signify the Greek defeat of the barbarian Celtic invaders. The nude warriors with torques around their necks follow descriptions of Celtic warriors by classical authors. The powerfully modeled and lively Pergamene art style was much admired during the Roman Empire. Here it seems to have been adapted to a Roman taste for historical realism. The man buried in such a battle sarcophagus, several examples of which have survived, probably wished to identify his life and career with well-known Greek scenes of military triumph.

Excerpt from
Anne Bromberg, Label copy [1999.107], 2001.

NOTES

Catalogue essays

Artist/designers

Cultures

Geography 

Process/materials

Historical periods

Individuals

Subject terms

RELATED OBJECTS 

PROVENANCE 
c. 1930-1999: Collection of Karl and Dagmar Bergsten, Sweden

From 1999: Dallas Museum of Art, Cecil and Ida Green Acquisition Fund and gift of anonymous donor, 1999. Purchased Christie's London (South Kensington), sale no. 8355, lot 192.

AUDIO ASSETS 
  • 13315479: UMO. Listen to a 2009 lecture by visiting scholar Mary Beard, Professor of Classics at University of Cambridge, entitled, "The Other Side of Conquest: Prisoners and Victims in the Roman Triumph."
  • 13317276: UMO. Listen to "Death, War, and Captivity," a gallery talk by McDermott Intern Crystal Rosenthal on March 5, 2008.
  • 13312868: UMO. Listen to "Heroic Images: The Humanist Hero in Greco-Roman Art," a 2001 lecture by curator Anne Bromberg in celebrating the reinstallation of the DMA classical galleries. 

VIDEO ASSETS

IMAGE ASSETS

WEB RESOURCES 
  • Capitoline Museum~See related Pergamene sculptures of Dying Gauls, which belong to the same Hellenistic period.
  • Khan Academy~View parts of Trajan's column, showing similar conquests in Dacia and the same theme of Romans bringing peace and prosperity to conquered barbarians.
  • Khan Academy~Watch a video explaining the lively Pergamene art style that influenced the style of the DMA Battle Sarcophagus.
  • Khan Academy~Compare to the famous Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus in the Museo Nazionale Romano-Palazzo Altemps, Rome.

ARCHIVAL RESOURCES

FUN FACTS

TEACHING IDEAS

RULES
Apply to objects where number equals 1999.107

Category
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General Description
 
The complex composition of this battle scene—with warriors, horses, captives, and trophies of armor intertwined to suggest the violence and bloodshed of war—is typical of Roman relief carvings during the Antonine period (138–192 CE). The sarcophagus was probably made to celebrate the victories of a Roman general in the series of wars that Rome fought with Germanic tribesmen along the Danube frontier, in what are now Hungary and Romania; however, the prototype for the scene might have been a monument created by the Greek King Attalos I of Pergamon in Asia Minor during the 3rd century BCE, which was erected to signify the Greek defeat of the barbarian Celtic invaders. The nude warriors with torques around their necks follow descriptions of Celtic warriors by classical authors. The powerfully modeled and lively Pergamene art style was much admired during the Roman Empire. Here it seems to have been adapted to a Roman taste for historical realism. The man buried in such a battle sarcophagus, several examples of which have survived, probably wished to identify his life and career with well-known Greek scenes of military triumph.

Excerpt from
Anne Bromberg, Label copy [1999.107], 2001.

Fun Facts

Archival Resources

Web Resources
 
  • Capitoline Museum~See related Pergamene sculptures of Dying Gauls, which belong to the same Hellenistic period.
  • Khan Academy~View parts of Trajan's column, showing similar conquests in Dacia and the same theme of Romans bringing peace and prosperity to conquered barbarians.
  • Khan Academy~Watch a video explaining the lively Pergamene art style that influenced the style of the DMA Battle Sarcophagus.
  • Khan Academy~Compare to the famous Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus in the Museo Nazionale Romano-Palazzo Altemps, Rome.

Notes

Catalogue essays

Artist/designers

Cultures

Geography 

Process/materials

Historical periods

Individuals

Subject terms

RELATED OBJECTS 

PROVENANCE 
c. 1930-1999: Collection of Karl and Dagmar Bergsten, Sweden

From 1999: Dallas Museum of Art, Cecil and Ida Green Acquisition Fund and gift of anonymous donor, 1999. Purchased Christie's London (South Kensington), sale no. 8355, lot 192.

AUDIO ASSETS 
  • 13315479: UMO. Listen to a 2009 lecture by visiting scholar Mary Beard, Professor of Classics at University of Cambridge, entitled, "The Other Side of Conquest: Prisoners and Victims in the Roman Triumph."
  • 13317276: UMO. Listen to "Death, War, and Captivity," a gallery talk by McDermott Intern Crystal Rosenthal on March 5, 2008.
  • 13312868: UMO. Listen to "Heroic Images: The Humanist Hero in Greco-Roman Art," a 2001 lecture by curator Anne Bromberg in celebrating the reinstallation of the DMA classical galleries. 

VIDEO ASSETS

rules
Apply To
Objects
number
Equals
1999.107
tags
#draft
#completed
%copyedited_Gail
*Classical Art
@Bowling
nude: AAT: 300189568
%Archived
sarcophagi (coffins): AAT: 300005947
relief (sculpture techniques): AAT: 300053622
violence: AAT: 300192799
Roman (ancient Italian style): AAT: 300020533
Rome (Italy): TGN: 7000874
Rome_Ancient (former nation/state/empire): TGN: 7594740
wars: AAT: 300055314
battles: AAT: 300185692
warriors: AAT: 300261945
horses (animals): AAT: 300250148
marble: AAT: 300011443
fighting: AAT: 300379967
motion (dynamics/mechanics concepts): AAT: 300055907
armor (protective wear): AAT: 300036745
Pergamon: TGN: 7520097
Roman sculpture styles (ancient Italian sculpture styles): AAT: 300020600
13312868: UMO
Gaul (historical region/Europe): TGN: 4004256
13317276: UMO
13315479: UMO
source file
object_notes_2_b-0428.xml.nores