1983.632 Small effigy in the shape of a camelid (Peru, Inka)


GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Miniature human and animal figurines were created for deposition as offerings or to accompany human sacrifices. The figurines were composed of high-value silver, gold, or Spondylus shell. Examples found archaeologically are associated with sacrifices of male and female juveniles, a ritual known as capacocha (qhapac hucha). At high-altitude sites, the preserved remains of juveniles have been found accompanied by figurines. Some capacocha offerings also include small stone figures (conopa or illa) with holes in their backs for the placement of offerings, such as this example. The offerings may include maize kernels, animal fat, coca leaves, or seashells.

Adapted from
Kimberly L. Jones, PhD, Inca: Conquests of the Andes / Los Incas y las conquistas de los Andes, Label text [1982.393.FA; 1983.632; 1983.633; 1983.634; 1983.635; 1983.636; 1989.W.2483], 2015.

NOTES
  • Inka (Inca), Late Horizon, A.D. 1476-1534, updated by KJones in TMS on 01/03/14 and 01/25/16.
  • Updated dates in TMS to reflect Inca label -- 1400–1540.

Catalogue essays

Artist/designers

Cultures
Inka (Inca): AAT: 300017326
Inca horizon: AAT: 300017352

Geography
Inca Empire: TGN: 6002741
Peru (nation): TGN: 1000056

Process/materials
stone: AAT: 300011176
carving: AAT: 300053149
incising: AAT: 300053847
polishing (finishing): AAT: 300053867
drillwork (sculpture technique): AAT: 300186211

Historical periods
Late Horizon Period: AAT: 300017332

Individuals

Subject terms
figurine: AAT: 300047455
sculpture: AAT: 300047090
ceremonial objects: AAT: 300234117
ritual objects: AAT: 300312158
burials: AAT: 300263485
effigies (funerary sculpture): AAT: 300047108
profiles (figures): AAT: 300123319
figures (representations): AAT: 300189808
animals: DMA
Camelidae (family): AAT: 300310434
Lama glama (species): AAT: 300256340
llama (species): AAT: 300256340
alpaca (species): AAT: 300310567
offering (tribute / payment / economic concepts /social science concepts): DMA
tributes (economic concepts / social science concepts): AAT: 300404872
ritual (events): AAT: 300065284
sacrifices: AAT: 300263243
children (people by age group): AAT: 300025945
capacocha (qhapac hucha / sacrificial ritual): DMA
conopa (illa / figurine): DMA
maize (zea mays species): AAT: 300375398
fat (lipid): AAT: 300013023
coca (plants / Erythroxylum (genus) Erythroxylaceae (family)): AAT: 300411778
leaves (plant components): AAT: 300400479
seashell (shell): AAT: 300310135
shell (animal material): AAT: 300011829

RELATED OBJECTS

PROVENANCE
Until 1983: Andrew D. Christensen, Dallas [1]

From 1983: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, collection of Andrew D. Christensen, gift of J.D. Christensen [1], [2], [3], [4]

[1] The main source for this provenance is existing information in TMS. Exceptions and other supporting documents are noted.

[2] The main source for this provenance is letter from John Lunsford, Senior Curator of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, to Judy D. Christensen (dated December 30, 1983), copy in Dallas Museum of Art Collections Records Object File, Confidential). Exceptions and other supporting documents are noted.

[3] The main source for this provenance is Consignment Record, Judy Day Christensen (dated December 30, 1983), copy in Dallas Museum of Art Collections Records Object File, Confidential). Exceptions and other supporting documents are noted.

[4] The name of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, founded in 1933, was changed to the Dallas Museum of Art in 1983.

AUDIO ASSETS

VIDEO ASSETS

IMAGE ASSETS
253365128: UMO. [Caption] A Llama (Lama glama), in front of the Machu Picchu archaeological site, Peru. Source: Schuyler Shepherd (Own work), Wikimedia Commons, accessed: May 12, 2015, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Llama,_peru,_machu_picchu.jpg#/media/File:Llama,_peru,_machu_picchu.jpg.

WEB RESOURCES

ARCHIVAL RESOURCES

FUN FACTS

TEACHING IDEAS

RULES
Apply to objects where number equals 1983.632


Category
rules_operator
AND
General Description
Miniature human and animal figurines were created for deposition as offerings or to accompany human sacrifices. The figurines were composed of high-value silver, gold, or Spondylus shell. Examples found archaeologically are associated with sacrifices of male and female juveniles, a ritual known as capacocha (qhapac hucha). At high-altitude sites, the preserved remains of juveniles have been found accompanied by figurines. Some capacocha offerings also include small stone figures (conopa or illa) with holes in their backs for the placement of offerings, such as this example. The offerings may include maize kernels, animal fat, coca leaves, or seashells.

Adapted from
Kimberly L. Jones, PhD, Inca: Conquests of the Andes / Los Incas y las conquistas de los Andes, Label text [1982.393.FA; 1983.632; 1983.633; 1983.634; 1983.635; 1983.636; 1989.W.2483], 2015.

Fun Facts

Archival Resources

Web Resources

Notes
  • Inka (Inca), Late Horizon, A.D. 1476-1534, updated by KJones in TMS on 01/03/14 and 01/25/16.
  • Updated dates in TMS to reflect Inca label -- 1400–1540.

Catalogue essays

Artist/designers

Cultures
Inka (Inca): AAT: 300017326
Inca horizon: AAT: 300017352

Geography
Inca Empire: TGN: 6002741
Peru (nation): TGN: 1000056

Process/materials
stone: AAT: 300011176
carving: AAT: 300053149
incising: AAT: 300053847
polishing (finishing): AAT: 300053867
drillwork (sculpture technique): AAT: 300186211

Historical periods
Late Horizon Period: AAT: 300017332

Individuals

Subject terms
figurine: AAT: 300047455
sculpture: AAT: 300047090
ceremonial objects: AAT: 300234117
ritual objects: AAT: 300312158
burials: AAT: 300263485
effigies (funerary sculpture): AAT: 300047108
profiles (figures): AAT: 300123319
figures (representations): AAT: 300189808
animals: DMA
Camelidae (family): AAT: 300310434
Lama glama (species): AAT: 300256340
llama (species): AAT: 300256340
alpaca (species): AAT: 300310567
offering (tribute / payment / economic concepts /social science concepts): DMA
tributes (economic concepts / social science concepts): AAT: 300404872
ritual (events): AAT: 300065284
sacrifices: AAT: 300263243
children (people by age group): AAT: 300025945
capacocha (qhapac hucha / sacrificial ritual): DMA
conopa (illa / figurine): DMA
maize (zea mays species): AAT: 300375398
fat (lipid): AAT: 300013023
coca (plants / Erythroxylum (genus) Erythroxylaceae (family)): AAT: 300411778
leaves (plant components): AAT: 300400479
seashell (shell): AAT: 300310135
shell (animal material): AAT: 300011829

RELATED OBJECTS

PROVENANCE
Until 1983: Andrew D. Christensen, Dallas [1]

From 1983: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, collection of Andrew D. Christensen, gift of J.D. Christensen [1], [2], [3], [4]

[1] The main source for this provenance is existing information in TMS. Exceptions and other supporting documents are noted.

[2] The main source for this provenance is letter from John Lunsford, Senior Curator of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, to Judy D. Christensen (dated December 30, 1983), copy in Dallas Museum of Art Collections Records Object File, Confidential). Exceptions and other supporting documents are noted.

[3] The main source for this provenance is Consignment Record, Judy Day Christensen (dated December 30, 1983), copy in Dallas Museum of Art Collections Records Object File, Confidential). Exceptions and other supporting documents are noted.

[4] The name of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, founded in 1933, was changed to the Dallas Museum of Art in 1983.

AUDIO ASSETS

VIDEO ASSETS

rules
Apply To
Objects
number
Equals
1983.632
tags
#draft
#completed
@Higgins
*Arts of the Americas
animals (Animalia kingdom): AAT: 300249395
%copyedited_Gail
sculpture: AAT: 300047090
incising: AAT: 300053847
effigies (funerary sculpture): AAT: 300047108
figurine: AAT: 300047455
burials: AAT: 300263485
figures (representations): AAT: 300189808
effigies (general portraits): 300404933
%Archived
ceremonial objects: AAT: 300234117
polishing (finishing): AAT: 300053867
shell (animal material): AAT: 300011829
carving (processes): AAT: 300053149
ritual (events): AAT: 300065284
sacrifices: AAT: 300263243
drillwork (sculpture technique): AAT: 300186211
tributes (economic concepts / social science concepts): AAT: 300404872
offering (tribute/payment/economic concepts/social science concepts): AAT: 300417700
children (people by age group): AAT: 300025945
Peru (nation): TGN: 1000056
leaves (plant components): AAT: 300400479
profiles (vantage point for figure): AAT: 300123319
maize (plant/zea mays species): AAT: 300375398
ritual objects: AAT: 300312158
stone: AAT: 300011176
Inca horizon: AAT: 300017352
Inca (Inka): AAT: 300017326
Late Horizon period (Pre-Columbian Andean styles and periods): AAT: 300017332
seashell (shell): AAT: 300310135
llama (animals/lama glama species): AAT: 300256340
fat (lipid): AAT: 300013023
coca (plants / Erythroxylum (genus) Erythroxylaceae (family)): AAT: 300411778
Inca Empire: TGN: 6002741
camelidae (animals/family): AAT: 300310434
alpaca (species/animals): AAT: 300310567
253365128: UMO
capacocha (qhapac hucha / sacrificial ritual): DMA
conopa (illa / figurine): DMA
source file
object_notes_4_b-0041.xml.nores