2009.25.4, Scarab, Egypt, Second Intermediate Period, 1785-1550 B.C.E., faience


GENERAL DESCRIPTION  
Small scarab amulets were common objects in ancient Egyptian funerary burial practice as devices to ward off evil and promote rebirth. Egyptian embalmers often placed amulets within body wrappings during the mummification process to protect the individual during his journey to the afterlife. Frequently represented in Egyptian art and especially amulets, scarab beetles push a ball that represents the sun and symbolize eternal life.

On the underside of this scarab, an incised design depicts a striding lion who meets face-to-face with a uraeus (royal cobra). Symbolizing the the king and his superhuman power, the lion tramples a sprawling human enemy, seen here depicted in profile. This object probably served as a magical amulet to invoke the power and protection of both the king and the sacred beetle. 

Because this amulet is pierced longitudinally, it could have at one time been mounted in a setting with a pivoting bezel held by a long wire or cord wrapped around the hoop allowing the beetle to rotate, a common and popular Egyptian type known as a finger-ring (2006.68.2). Some scarab finger-rings on swiveling bevels bore names and titles of officials to serve practically as administrative seals, and other iterations feature various geometric designs, hieroglyphs, or figures with more symbolic meanings. While most amulets were found in burials and probably manufactured expressly for the dead, they were also known to be worn by the living for their protective and symbolic significance.

Heather Bowling, Digital Collections Content Coordinator, 2016.

Drawn from
  • Mary Ann Pouls, "Scarab Seal" in Searching for Ancient Egypt: Art, Architecture, and Artifacts from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, David P. Silverman, ed., (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), cat. 57, 195.
  • Carol Andrews, Ancient Egyptian Jewelry, (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers 1990), 163-64.
  • Daphna Ben-Tor, The Scarab: A Reflection of Ancient Egypt, (Jerusalem: The Israel Museum 1989), 26-32.
  • David O'Connor, "The Chronology of Scarabs of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period," in The Journal of The Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities, Volume XV No. 1, (Toronto: Benben Publications, January 1985), 1-41.

NOTES
READ
  • make copies of all the evidence presented here and add to the object file
  • updated provenance and geo x refs in TMS
  • updated culture to Egyptian
  • In daily life, the ancient Egyptians were surrounded by amuletic devices which served a variety of purposes and came in many forms.The most important of these were scarabs, also known as the Egyptian dung beetle.

Catalogue essays

Artist/designers

Cultures

Geography 

Process/materials

Historical periods

Individuals

Subject terms

RELATED OBJECTS 

PROVENANCE 
Until 2009: Collection of Jerry L. Abramson, Dallas, Texas

From 2009: Dallas Museum of Art, given in memory of Jerry L. Abramson by his estate

AUDIO ASSETS 
13309349: UMO; Listen to a gallery talk given by Aditi Samarth of Richland College on November 5, 2008 entitled, "Concepts of Eternity in Ancient Egypt."

VIDEO ASSETS
12934203: UMO; Watch a video of curator Dr. Anne Bromberg discussing the concept of death and burials in Egypt and other cultures; in conjunction with King Tutankhamun exhibition, 2008.

IMAGE ASSETS

WEB RESOURCES 

ARCHIVAL RESOURCES

FUN FACTS

TEACHING IDEAS

RULES
Apply to objects where number equals 2009.25.4

Category
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AND
General Description
 
Small scarab amulets were common objects in ancient Egyptian funerary burial practice as devices to ward off evil and promote rebirth. Egyptian embalmers often placed amulets within body wrappings during the mummification process to protect the individual during his journey to the afterlife. Frequently represented in Egyptian art and especially amulets, scarab beetles push a ball that represents the sun and symbolize eternal life.

On the underside of this scarab, an incised design depicts a striding lion who meets face-to-face with a uraeus (royal cobra). Symbolizing the the king and his superhuman power, the lion tramples a sprawling human enemy, seen here depicted in profile. This object probably served as a magical amulet to invoke the power and protection of both the king and the sacred beetle. 

Because this amulet is pierced longitudinally, it could have at one time been mounted in a setting with a pivoting bezel held by a long wire or cord wrapped around the hoop allowing the beetle to rotate, a common and popular Egyptian type known as a finger-ring (2006.68.2). Some scarab finger-rings on swiveling bevels bore names and titles of officials to serve practically as administrative seals, and other iterations feature various geometric designs, hieroglyphs, or figures with more symbolic meanings. While most amulets were found in burials and probably manufactured expressly for the dead, they were also known to be worn by the living for their protective and symbolic significance.

Heather Bowling, Digital Collections Content Coordinator, 2016.

Drawn from
  • Mary Ann Pouls, "Scarab Seal" in Searching for Ancient Egypt: Art, Architecture, and Artifacts from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, David P. Silverman, ed., (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), cat. 57, 195.
  • Carol Andrews, Ancient Egyptian Jewelry, (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers 1990), 163-64.
  • Daphna Ben-Tor, The Scarab: A Reflection of Ancient Egypt, (Jerusalem: The Israel Museum 1989), 26-32.
  • David O'Connor, "The Chronology of Scarabs of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period," in The Journal of The Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities, Volume XV No. 1, (Toronto: Benben Publications, January 1985), 1-41.

Fun Facts

Archival Resources

Web Resources
 
Notes
READ
  • make copies of all the evidence presented here and add to the object file
  • updated provenance and geo x refs in TMS
  • updated culture to Egyptian
  • In daily life, the ancient Egyptians were surrounded by amuletic devices which served a variety of purposes and came in many forms.The most important of these were scarabs, also known as the Egyptian dung beetle.

Catalogue essays

Artist/designers

Cultures

Geography 

Process/materials

Historical periods

Individuals

Subject terms

RELATED OBJECTS 

PROVENANCE 
Until 2009: Collection of Jerry L. Abramson, Dallas, Texas

From 2009: Dallas Museum of Art, given in memory of Jerry L. Abramson by his estate

AUDIO ASSETS 
13309349: UMO; Listen to a gallery talk given by Aditi Samarth of Richland College on November 5, 2008 entitled, "Concepts of Eternity in Ancient Egypt."

VIDEO ASSETS
12934203: UMO; Watch a video of curator Dr. Anne Bromberg discussing the concept of death and burials in Egypt and other cultures; in conjunction with King Tutankhamun exhibition, 2008.

rules
Apply To
Objects
number
Equals
2009.25.4
tags
#draft
#completed
%copyedited_Gail
*Classical Art
@Bowling
funerary objects: AAT: 300234126
incising: AAT: 300053847
%Archived
jewelry: AAT: 300209286
lions (animals/panthera leo species): AAT: 300310388
round (shape): AAT: 300121969
afterlife: AAT: 300264304
rings (object genres): AAT: 300263678
Egyptian (ancient): AAT: 300020251
Egypt (ancient): TGN: 7014986
13309349: UMO
amulets: AAT: 300266585
scarabs (species/insects/animals): AAT: 300310682
cartonnage (fiber product): AAT: 300379687
12934203: UMO
uraeus: DMA
faience (ancient objects): AAT: 300265177
source file
object_notes_2_b-0164.xml.nores